Abstract: The Marching of Cybermen. Identity, Reality and Science Fiction

Dear readers of The ComicBook Imperative I am happy to share with you the abstract from my presentation for the 8th International Graphic Novel and Comics Conference that will be held at the University of Dundee, Scotland, between 25-29 of June, 2017.

The Marching of Cybermen:
A tale of identity, reality and science fiction

By George P. Stremplis,
Post-graduate Student, A.U.Th.
Scientific Collaborator of the
“Interdisciplinary Centre for Aristotle Studies”, A.U.Th.

Human existence was always confined within the borders of its organic corporal state of being. Transhumanists have long been promising to cross these borders, while they foresee a future based on speculative advances in technology, one of them being the brain reconstruction (or mind uploading) in an artificial/robotic body. Despite, though, Transhumanism’s in favor position of transitioning from an organic body to an artificial one, there is still an essential problem that derives from the implementation of this method.

What I propose is to question whether it is possible for personal identity to survive after abolishing the organic human body for a non-organic one. The boundaries set by the organic body are important factors towards formulating our identity, since the biological aspect of our existence tends to inform the way we perceive ourselves, the world, and reality itself. I wish to underline that by eradicating the biological condition of being for an enhanced mind in a robotic body we face the disfigurement of personal identity. What Homo sapiens will really have in common with Homo cyberneticus? The very core of their existence is going to be completely foreign to each other. So is it really beneficial for humanity to cross the borders of Homo sapiens and turn itself into Homo cyberneticus?

Finally, I wish to address this question under a different scope. The fear of a lost identity as a result of a biotechnological outbreak can be explored by crossing the borders of reality towards the realm of science fiction.  Specifically, in the episodes “Rise of the Cybermen” and “Age of Steel” of BBC’s Doctor Who series, Tom McRae is portraying the genesis of this Homo cyberneticus as a result of the literal transfer of the mind in a cyber-body, with personal identity traded for a hive-like mind that abolishes what is conceived as physical and emotional weakness. I believe that by examining this interpretation of Homo cyberneticus within the borders of television we are able to better understand the importance of safeguarding our personal identity against the false prophets of Transhumanism.

It is going to be a thrilling experience and The ComicBook Imperative will be there in order to participate in the Conference and share with you lots of photos and more.

So, if you happen to be in Dundee, come and say hi to me!

George,
The ComicBook Imperative Guy

Extremis: Living in a Computer Simulation. Transhumanism in Popular Culture (Part 3)

Hello from your friendly neighbour, the ComicBook Imperative Guy! Just a few week’s from one of Doctor Who’s most intriguing episodes and I am still thrilled about it! Extremis was truly one of the best episodes in recent years! I have to admit that I am still excited with the way they handled all the information, as well as the way they introduced the looming danger that was quickly marching towards planet Earth, the Doctor and his companions.

The 10th season of the BBC science fiction series has been an absolute hit so far, giving us a brilliant Peter Capaldi (finally, getting stories and scripts that are up to his talent) and a new companion, Bill Potts (Pearl Mackie) that is simply amazing! Bill reminds me a lot of Rose Tyler (Billie Piper). She is an everyday girl, she has to face all the issues people in her age have to face (college, job, love and social life etc) and she gets the chance to see the stars and the universe alongside the Doctor himself. The fact that Bill is gay is stripping her relationship with the Doctor from every hint of romance and focuses on a teacher-student relationship that is really engaging. Overall, season 10 has been an absolute favourite of mine thus far (competing with seasons 2, 4, 5 and 6).

Doctor Who Series 10 Extremis 16

Doctor Who – Extremis – BBC 

Extremis, though, was a stand out. The official synopsis was: In the Haereticum – the Vatican’s secret library of blasphemy – there is an ancient book known only as The Veritas. Throughout history, anyone who has ever read it has immediately taken their own life. Now a new translation is online, and the danger is spreading. The Vatican appeals to the Doctor. Will he read The Veritas? But can even the Doctor survive the ultimate truth? And what truth that was. Penned by Steven Moffat, the master of the asynchronous storylines, we have a scenario where reality is nothing but a computer simulation of an advanced alien race, making their war plans in order to find the right time to conquer earth. People that find out the truth about the reality of their existence find the only way out possible: by taking their own lives. The episode was only the introduction of a three-part story that is going to be a fan-favorite for years.

Even though the episode itself is brilliant and there so many things that one could focus on, I decided to write about the core premise of the episode: that is the life in a computer simulation and what that implies about the status of the people inside this simulation. Firstly, it is important to take a look at the reality of this idea. Are we living in a computer simulation? This is a question posed by Nick Bostrom (as well as other philosophers and scientists). In one of his articles his proposes that one the following statements have to be true: “[t]his paper argues that at least one of the following propositions is true: (1) the human species is very likely to go extinct before reaching a “posthuman” stage; (2) any posthuman civilization is extremely unlikely to run a significant number of simulations of their evolutionary history (or variations thereof); (3) we are almost certainly living in a computer simulation,” (Nick Bostrom, “Are You Living in a Computer Simulation,” in Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 53, No. 211 (2003): 243‐255). The Simulation Hypothesis has been around for years and, as Bostrom noted, the core idea is that reality is nothing but a mere simulation that is so convincing that even the people that experience it cannot tell the difference between actuality and simulation.

anglo_1920x1080_extremis-e1495463608390-1600x720

Doctor Who – Extremis – BBC 

One of the main issues that arise from a simulated reality is the fact that we might end up with an infinite amount of simulated realities (simulation in a simulation). As long as people do not realise that they are living in a computer simulation, they could end up at the same place as their predecessors of sorts, that is wanting to create the simulation for various reasons (for example to study the trajectory of their evolutionary process or even just for entertainment reasons – most of us are probably familiar with the PC game The Sims, where we could simulate everyday life and activities by controlling our Sim[s]).

I find that it would be interesting to also raise the unavoidable determinism of the simulation hypothesis and how that affects the people living inside it. It seems almost impossible for us to fathom a scenario where every single aspect of our existence is predetermined by a computer programme. Living in a simulated world resembles the various deterministic philosophical and scientific theories. The deterministic aspect of the simulated world stem from the fact that some kind of a super-intelligent AI or a posthuman being created and facilitated the conditions of its existence down to the very last detail. This is an absolute kind of determinism that seems even more tangible than some form of a naturalistic determinism.

What would happen, though, if/when people realised the most well-kept secret in the world is the fact that their very life was just a simulation? Every feeling, every thought, you, the people you love, your life’s work everything is nothing more than just a simulation that someone else runs. And you have no way to access the true information about your existence. Having the experience of creating avatars, sims, or personas online and how quickly one could make them disappear, amplifies the fear of a simulated life. While post-modernism have often pointed out the insignificance of human existence, it is still rather challenging to accept the simulation hypothesis without having to face a real existential crisis.

doctor-who-extremis-photo001-1495225434050_1280w

Doctor Who – Extremis – BBC 

So, what do you think? Are we living in a computer simulation?

George,
The ComicBook Imperative Guy

 

 

Digimon Tri: The aftermath of an adventure 

678893

With the premiere of the fourth instalment of the Digimon Tri series, named Loss (喪失 Sōshitsu), I wanted to write about Digimon and the thrill of reviving a much beloved show in the right way, at the right time and for all the right reasons. Firstly, I have to admit that I have been a huge fan of the original Digimon series. For anyone who doesn’t know what this series is about, I will say that it is the journey of eight kids from Japan (the DigiDestineds) who travel in a digital world full of magical creatures that awaited their arrival for a long time. As these kids find their Digimon partner, they embark on a journey that will change their lives forever in ways they could never have imagined that it could be possible. Saving both the digital and our world several times and with the end of the second season our heroes have to part ways from their Digimon partners. Toei Animation, wanting to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the Digimon franchise, decided to produce a six-part series in order to tie it with the first two original seasons of the series. The series take place only three years after the events of Digimon Adventure 02 and the DigiDestineds find themselves in a situation where they have to fight again in order to restore the balance both in the digital and our world.

As the story is still going on and we do not really know towards where it’s headed, I decided to write about what I found truly astonishing in the story so far (even though I do promise to revisit the series in its entirety, once it’s concluded). What strikes me the most about this new adaptation is the fact that the creators did not shy away from the aftermath of the adventures and how they affected our heroes. I do believe that shows like Digimon that mainly aim towards younger audiences tend to shy away from the real-life difficulties that derive from situations like the ones the eight DigiDestineds had to face. Unfortunately, by doing that they lose an immense part of the emotional growth of these adventures, as well as the consequences of having to go back to what is considered to be a normal life.

That was never though the case with Digimon. Having been often (and unjustly) compared to Pokémon, Digimon has always been far superior. Even though elements of the story have been similar (as is with every other “Collectible Monsters” series), Digimon was able to surpass the superficiality of the Pokémon narrative and created a deeply emotional world. The creators were not confined to a certain trope of exploring the DigiWorld, but what they wanted was to deliver an adventure that was not just fun and games, but also a journey of self-discovery, friendship, struggle, courage to fight even if the odds are against you and  emotional growth.

I was really happy to discover that these attributes that make the story of Digimon so unique were carried on to the new Digimon Tri adaptation. Having watched the first three parts of the six-part series, I found myself in the same place I was as a child watching Digimon fanatically. What was truly astonishing though was that I was not the only one who had changed. It has been a long time since I was nine or ten years old watching Digimon and wishing I could be a part of this story. Sooner or later real life kicked in and I had to be a part of it. I had to be a part of it for all the good and the bad stuff. My struggles growing up though did not alienate me (or any of us, I believe) from the series. I actually think that the connection became stronger because of the fact that it was not just me (or us) that we grew older, but it was the show as well. The creators did not try to recapture the magic and the innocence of the original series (that would be impossible anyways), but they followed their audiences to their journey. Taichi “Tai” Kamiyaand the rest of the DigiDestineds had to grow up as well. Torn between their experiences in the digital world and the reality of their life as normal teenagers, they are not the same people they used to be. And that is okay. Because the people that grew up with them are not the same as well. Creatively it was a bet that seems to have paid off.

One of the central arcs of the revival is the struggle to come to terms with what they have done over the course of their journey, where they are now and where will they end up in the future. As I said in the beginning of this post, we do not have the full story in our hands right now, so I will focus on the re-introduction of two of the main characters: Taichi “Tai” Kamiyaand and Joe Kido. I do want to come back and examine the journey of other characters as well, and I will once the story is complete.

maxresdefault

I want to start with Tai, since he has been the leader of the group. As a young boy he was courageous, loud, he would jump head first to every danger, if that meant he could save his friends. Tai was paired with Agumon and together they fought their way out of many situations making them the heart of their group. Tai’s transformation in the Digimon Tri series must be the most radical out of them all. When we meet up with Tai again he is overwhelmed by the issues of his age (drifting away slowly from his old group of friends, adjusting to the life of being a teenager), until a weird disturbance brings forth one of his first foes at the digital world, Kuwagamon. Kuwagamon’s arrival is soon followed by Tai’s partner, Agumon, with every intention to fight the first one back to the digital world. What is new, though, is that we see Tai no longer diving head first to the battle. His excitement to fight, a basic trait of his personality, is now lost in the fear of what his actions as a DigiDestined will do to his world. Tai faced the destruction of the collision of his world and the digital world (for example the events of the “Eighth DigiDestined” arc, when Myotismon and his dark army invaded Odaiba, Japan) and he is paralyzed by the fear of that happening again.

His newfound fear of battle has been a great way to reintroduce Tai’s character fifteen years after we first met him on that summer camp. This narrative gives the chance to the writers a way to explore Tai’s troubled psyche. The trauma of fighting during the events of Digimon Adventure and Digimon Adventure 02 are prominent and Tai has to find a way to overcome it by working hard and reaching out to the only people that can understand him, the other DigiDestineds. What is really interesting is that Tai does not seem ready to do it. He cannot reach out to his friends, he cannot come to terms with what he had to do as a DigiDestined. The fact that Tai cannot accept what he had done in the past is also a major aspect of his inability to reach out properly to his friends and especially to Yamato “Matt” Ishida with whom he had the most intriguing relationship in the original series. Tai has to forgive himself and work through his fear by accepting that his responsibility is to be a part of this group in order to protect both the digital and the real world.

0386a37b8b5ea89563fa3f4496d7bf6f

The other character that seems to be overtaken by his struggle in the real world is Joe Kido. Joe had always been the voice of reason of the group. The one that was responsible for the safety of the other seven DigiDestineds. Joe had been a frantic, but reliable character since the beginning. He always exclaimed that his priority was studying in order to become a doctor (something that his parents always wanted for him). We meet Joe again as he is struggling and failing to prepare for medical school. He is solely devoted to his studying and ignores both his friends and his responsibilities as a DigiDestined. I have to admit that Joe (and his partner Gomamon) has always been my favourite characters in the show. Joe never saw the real power in him and that made him a force that was not as reckoned as he should have been. He never gave enough credit to himself.

Joe, as Tai (and everyone else for that matter), has changed a lot since his time at the digital world. Even though Tai has changed drastically since the last time we saw him, Joe’s struggles seem to be consistent with his general character. Joe closed himself off by putting forth the front of getting accepted in medical school and pleasing his parents. This is only part though of what is going on with Joe’s psyche. Joe is still struggling with his self-esteem and he cannot find the reason why he is part of that group. Why he had to be the one that has to fight? He is not accepting his responsibility not out of fear of what might happen to his world (as is with Tai), but because he does not understand why he was chosen in the first place. Joe’s journey in Digimon Tri is one of appreciating his power and using it in order to restore the order in both worlds.

Digimon Tri was able to deliver a great story (a story that is still moving forward) and to celebrate its fifteenth anniversary in a way that only enriches the original series. All the DigiDestineds have to face their lives as normal teenagers (with everything that comes with it), but also to  be brave enough to save the digital and the real world one more time. The thrill of going back to a world that you know so well would be enough to make Digimon Tri a success, but by adding to that mix the aftermath of an adventure was something that every fan can cherish. The deep emotional stakes of their struggle to better understand themselves and the world they are living in is something that every person on this planet can relate to.

So, I would like to urge each and every one of you to watch the new Digimon Tri series, relive the magic of the adventure in the digital world and to delve into the emotional world of the DigiDestineds.

I would love to read your thoughts on that subject!
George
The ComicBook Imperative Guy